Vascular Anatomy of Blood
breast skin depends on the subdermal plexus, which is in contact with the primary deeper vessels supplying the breast parenchyma. Blood supply comes from (1) cutting the internal thoracic artery, (2) lateral artery chest pain, (3) thoracodorsal artery (4), the intercostal artery perforator, (5) thoracoacromial artery. The rich blood supply allows for a variety of reduction techniques, to ensure the viability of skin flaps after surgery.
innervation Sensory innervation of the breast breast
dermatomal in nature. It is mainly derived from the anterior and anteromedial branches of thoracic intercostal nerves T3-T5. Nadobojczykowy nerves from the lower fiber innervation of the cervical plexus and the upper and lateral parts of the breast. Scientists think the feeling to the nipple from the lateral cutaneous branch of T4.
Breast parenchyma and support structures
Breasts are composed of both adipose tissue and milk for the production of glandular tissue. The ratio of body fat compared to glandular varies between people. In addition, the onset of menopause (ie, a decrease in estrogen levels), the ratio of body fat increases the glandular tissue decreases.
breast soft tissues are supported by the suspensory ligaments of Cooper. These ligaments run throughout the breast parenchyma tissue of the deep fascia of the chest and attached to the dermis of the skin. Because they are not strained, as they allow for natural motion of the breast. Ultimately, this leads to breast ptosis of these ligaments to relax with age and time.
similar to the breast muscles Breast
lies on the muscles, which encases the chest. The muscles involved include the pectoralis major, serratus anterior, external oblique and rectus abdominus fascia. Blood supply, which provides movement of those muscles until then pierces the flesh of the breast, and thus the blood supply to the breast. By maintaining continuity with the main muscle, breast tissue is richly perfused, thereby preventing the complications of plastic surgery and reconstructive surgery requiring the placement of breast implants.
pectoralis major muscle
pectoralis major is a broad muscle that extends from its origin at the medial clavicle and sternum lateral to its insertion on the humerus. Thoracoacromial is its main artery blood flow in the intercostal perforating arteries arising from the inner segment to provide breast's blood supply. Medial and lateral anterior thoracic nerves provide innervation to the muscle, entering posteriorly and his side. Activities pectoralis major is the flex, adduct, and rotate the arm medially.
pectoralis major is extremely important for both aesthetic and reconstructive breast surgery because it provides cover muscle breast implants. In surgery, the pectoralis major muscle covers the implant, providing a reduction in the risk of implant extrusion in the skin and subcutaneous tissue core are often considerably reduced after mastectomy. Provides additional muscle tissue between the implant and the skin, thus reducing the palpability of the implant. Often placing the implant under the muscle makes it noticeable when it is contracted pectoralis. In such cases, it may help release the breast muscle with its inferior and medial attachments to reduce the frequency of contractions noticeable. In addition, in a worse version of the pectoralis muscle implant lower position can be achieved by a more aesthetic appearance.
serratus anterior muscle
serratus anterior muscle is the large muscle that runs along the anterolateral chest wall. Its origin is the outer surface of the upper limit of the first through eighth ribs and the insertion is on the deep surface of the blade. Its vascular supply is also derived from the lateral thoracic artery and branches from the thoracodorsal artery. Long thoracic nerve innervate serratus anterior is used, which acts to rotate the shoulder, arm and raise the point of drawing the shoulder forward toward the body. Transection of long thoracic nerve is carefully avoided during the dissection of axillary lymph nodes, because its loss results, "winging" as the blade is released from the chest and moves up and out. Since
serratus anterior lateral aspect of the breast based on the aesthetic surgery, blunt elevation pectoralis major inadvertently puts aside a small part of the serratus muscle. In order to completely cover the implant with the muscle in surgery, often serratus anterior must be substantially increased to obtain a sufficient layer of muscle in order to ensure coverage. Rectus abdominus
rectus abdominus
muscle provides a lower limit of the breast. It is elongated muscle that runs from the beginning of the comb interpubic cartilage and ligaments to the insertion Teenager mieczykowaty and cartilage of the fifth through seventh ribs. It acts to compress the abdomen and flex the spine. 7. to 12 intercostal nerves provide sensation to the skin covering and energize muscles. Myocardial blood flow passes through the network between the superior and inferior deep epigastric artery.
placing an implant for breast reconstruction in an effort to achieve full protection of the muscles, the rectus fascia often must be raised to the implant site so much worse. This dense thick fascia is often closely adjacent to the rib below. When I raised and released, proper positioning and expansion of the implant can be continued.
external oblique muscle
external oblique is a broad muscle that runs along the anterolateral aspect of the abdomen and chest. Its origin is from the lower eight ribs, and its introduction is along the front half of the iliac crest and linea alba aponeurosis from the xiphoid to the pubis. It acts to compress the abdomen, flex and rotate to one side of the spine and lower ribs. 7. to 12 intercostal nerves innervate the external oblique to serve. Segmental blood supply is maintained by the inferior intercostal arteries 8 rear.
Mięsień skośny zewnętrzny abuts piersi gorszy aspekt bocznej. Podwyższone wraz z rectus powięzi abdominus świadczenia niższe pokrycia implantów piersi w chirurgii rekonstrukcyjnej, jego powięzi, jak powięzi rectus muscle abdominus, muszą być wydane odpowiednio w celu zapewnienia właściwego miejsca i rozbudowy implantu. W chirurgii estetycznej, umieszczenie implantu inferiorly zazwyczaj nie jest poniżej tych powięziowy załączników. Jeżeli implant jest umieszczony z tyłu deski rozdzielczej, implant często "Jazda zbyt wysokie" i może doprowadzić do "double bubble" efekt, w którym miąższ piersi ślizga się i wyłącza implant
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