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Davidoffski and Nysted reagent

In his post on styntezy total wertyny Martin mentioned quite original chemical compound, called. Nysted reagent. Since I have personally going crazy for point of the reactants and reaction names, and due to the fact that it is an organometallic compound, I decided to take it "wallpaper" and write about it a little bit more;)

Nysted reagent (called Nysted reagent ), formally: cyclo -dibromodi- μ -methylene [ μ - (tetrahydrofuran)] tricynk , the compound having a (probable) structure:

be obtained by reaction of zinc-lead alloy in tetrahydrofuran ( THF ) With methylene bromide at 80 ^of C :

Nysted reagent is a white solid, which a suspension in THF-e (it is available commercially as a 20% solution), does not dissolve in dimethylformamide ( DMF , not to be confused with 2.5 dimetylofuranem , which is often referred to the same acronym) or 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidonie ( DMI ).

DMF

DMI

metylenuje Nysted reagent carbonyl groups. For example (according to Synlett 1998 , 3, 313-15):

• methylene chiral aldehydes does not change the configuration of the center stereogenicznego
• for metylenowania ketoaldehydów selectively converted into an aldehyde group is only
• metylenowaniu ketones are in the presence of titanium chloride ( TiCl ₂ , TiCl ₃ , TiCl ₄ ) and BF ₃ × OEt ₂

_{metylenowania mechanism of the process is not yet known.}

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a oto nasza piękna martwa, jakość jest jaka jest- ważne, że duża rozdzielczość

pozdro potwory!

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Puzzles MA. Davidoffskiego. 1. Dolls with black spots. Solution. Puzzles

Please excuse the delay associated with the first explanation of the riddle. Apparently, he should start to eat garlic (which I hate in any form!) So as not to catch colds, such as now,) few days in bed, did his, so you can go to solve the puzzles, which actually already fully reported in its Commenting David.

That you actually ate up large amounts of garlic and the food which it contained. The crux of matter lies in the manner in which the body handled the metabolism of compounds contained in the above-mentioned smelling warzywku - you see a group of people do not metabolize endowed with a certain smell of sulfides to sulfoxides odorless. Therefore, these substances are secreted through the skin with sweat. After sampling, we found that the sweat lalkarki included the following compounds:

the clay from which the dolls were made actually was a large amount of iron, which underwent reaction with disulfides at high temperature during baking, forming black spots that are nothing short of a sulphide of iron (III). What lalkarce recommended to prevent spots? Change in diet or the use of latex gloves;).

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MA. Davidoffskiego. 1. Dolls with black spots. Mgr

In the 80s, a woman was making porcelain dolls. Complaining But one thing terribly. When I painted the head of each doll and the finger touches the surface, each time by pulling the doll out of the oven ready to face the toy could see black spots. Such a defect immediately eligible to throw the doll.

question is: how took the black spots on the heads of dolls? solution today, after 22;)

In the 80s, a woman was making porcelain dolls. Complained, however, one thing terribly. When she painted heads of the dolls with touching them with her fingers, each time black speckles appeared on every doll. Such a defect made all the dolls' heads to be thrown away. 
The question is : why black speckles appeared on the heads of dolls ?

The solution today, after 10 pm;)

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13-17.09

Poniedziałek:
- rys i mal - kończymy rysować Damiana
Wtorek:
- mata - zad.dom które pani pisała na tablicy
- angielski - przynieść materiały które pani wysyłała na maila + pyt. z obrazka i opisu pokoju
- polski - przynieść podręcznik, "Między tekstami" cz.5
Środa:
- GW - kartkówka z maty z ułamków
- logo na konkurs "The school full of energy" (for volunteers)
Thursday:
- go to University
Friday:
- as long as nothing; P


http://www.youtube.com/user/Rangefindergeneral # g / p recommend photographers, painters but also might be useful;)



dear O, 4a: everyone has access to this blog, it will serve everyone, so if you are missing some information here to write! Checking kartkówki and other matters are secret for those that were not? P

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Davidoffski and salts with an alter ego. Part 3 - tin fluoride (II). Mgr

Angielski version of this post is located in. "In Angielski" section!)

Tin and its compounds are of interest to me for a very long time. We can call those interested in a kind of "chemical fetish", the same is true in my case with some other elements and their derivatives (eg, selenium, antimony, gold and mercury). It is difficult even so by the end justify, you can see "beauty" of certain elements throw at me more charm;) (the largest cast of course beautiful women ^ ^).

fluoride tin (II) is all the more interesting relationship, that some of us may have it in their mouth every day! But more about that in a moment, first a short description SNF ₂ . Fluoride tin (II) is a colorless crystalline body which melts at 213 ^of C. Standing SNF ₂ adopt a distorted rutile structure, in which tetramers Sn ₄ F ₈ are joined by a bridging fluoride. Each atom Sn is associated with six fluorine atoms to form systems with strongly deformed octahedral geometry. In the gas phase SNF ₂ is a monomer with an angular structure, are also present dimers and trimers ( Sn ₂ F ₄ , Sn ₃ F ₆ ), but their share in the mixture decreases with increasing temperature. SNF ₂ dissolves very well in water, which eventually hydrolyzed. In aqueous solutions, in the presence of fluoride ions to form complex anions, such as [SNF ₃ ] ^- , [Sn ₂ F ₅ ] ^- and [SNF ₂ (OH ₂ )] . The existence of such objects should not surprise us, however, SNF ₂ a Lewis acid;) dominating the individual is [SNF ₃ ] ^- (stable anion on the construction of a pyramid, Figure 1). When there is a shortage of fluoride, may form complex anions such as bridge [F ₂ Sn ( μ -F) SNF ₂ ] ^- (Fig. 2).

Figure 1

When crystallized SNF ₂ from aqueous solutions containing NaF , produced individuals such as Na [Sn ₂ F ₅ ] and On ₄ [Sn ₃ F ₁₀ ]. building complex anions forming these compounds, is shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3

Figure 2

Figure 3

If the potassium cations are present, there is a hydrate K [SNF ₃ ] × 1/2H ₂ O contains in its structure to build a polyanion shown in Figure 4 Independent anions [SNF ₃ ] ^- are up for it in [NH ₄ ] [SNF ₃ ] and Ca [ SNF ₃ ] ₂

Figure 4

It was hard for me to find something that will satisfy organików chemists on the link. I managed, however, find an example;) SNF ₂ with fluoride is converted to trichloromethyl ethers trifluoromethyl ethers:

Let's go back However, what I wrote at the outset. Writing about the fact that some of you may have fluoride in the mouth of tin (II), I was thinking of toothpaste or mouthwash mouth. For the first time SNF ₂ appeared in toothpaste Fluoristan (now the Crest brand , companies Procter & Gamble, Crest toothpaste sold in Europe under the name Blend-A-Med ), introduced in 1955 and was its main ingredient until 1981, when he changed it to sodium monofluorophosphate (Fig. 5).

Figure 5

Recently, Crest introduced back SNF 2, this time to paste Crest Pro-Health . Stannous fluoride, in addition to act as a fluorujący, acts as an antibacterial, prevents tooth decay, gingivitis and plaque formation of the wafer, which distinguishes this compound from NaF, because it only protects against decay. What's more, SNF ₂ can be used in a mixture with calcium-containing abrasives because they do not block its biological activity, as happens in the case of NaF. Fluoride toothpaste tin (II) have been warning about the possibility of the appearance of stains on your teeth, but they contain abrasive additives, removing this effect ( silica and sodium hexametaphosphate (Fig. 6).

Figure 6

preparation mouthwash and toothpaste Meridol also contain SNF 2, together with the amine called Olaflur (difluoride N, N, N '-tris (2 - hydroxyethyl) - N '-oktadecylopropano-1 ,3-diamoniowy , Figure 7).

Figure 7

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Davidoffski and carbonyl position from the rear

For every self-respecting chemist organics are ^ ^

more interesting ideas can be found here:

http://www.zazzle.co.uk/organic_chemistry_tee_tshirt-235634984154332126

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"Matura's crap" various important dates, P

30 September 2010. Submission Matura declaration
to 7 February 2011. deadline for amending the declaration Matura
to 06.04.2011r. submit a list of publications used to prepare a presentation of the Polish language at the school, preferably also submitted outline plan, all in duplicate, written on a computer. The exact regimen will get to write a bibliography in Polish.

May 4, 2011. Baccalaureate written from the Polish
May 5, 2011. Written Baccalaureate in mathematics
May 6, 2011. Baccalaureate written with j.englisch


Remember the need to write the declaration of final award, which must be submitted by 30 September. These are the same themes as last year. Topics and reading list, which we apply for a high school diploma from the Polish can be found at our school www.halogen.org.pl

post will be updated;)

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one.

Due to the fact that there is a huge problem finding stupid html code, in this entry I add all the dates that I have zapisane.Mniemam that could use them.

SEPTEMBER


09/10/2010 spec.art bring to the painter paints, paper and fight the good old Modigliani.


09/22/2010 parents gather in the auditorium at 16.00 training that is a great lady director.


27/09/2010 EARLY SPRING!


30/09/2010 DEADLINE FOR SUBMITTING STATEMENT AND THEMES-leaving diploma




OCTOBER


10/11/2010 FIRST REVIEW which we take everything we have.


and now all I know about individual items.


ENGLISH
- for the next lesson description of the room.


-for the next lesson bring two pictures in which something is happening .


-should wear their own mini-dictionaries, but we do not.


-for the next lesson photocopy of a personal letter (that is, all these phrases.)


-quiz on the third lesson of writing a letter.


- fifth or sixth lesson quiz related with a bank of words: HOUSE


-ok eighth or ninth lesson vocabulary quiz: Renting a flat.


EDIT: To date there are more, but I decided it was best to add here the next.


and bonus Web link: www.klp.pl or summary wszystkiego.podobno best on the web.











and two songs on the wekeend.


Yours - Carolina

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MA Davidoffski and Sfora barking dogs, Part 1

experience described at the beginning of the previous post is called Barking Dog (English barking dog ). A name becomes clear when the opportunity arises to familiarize yourself with the effect of this reaction aukustycznym;)

first saw this experience over five years ago when I was świeżutkim asset Nuakowego Wheels Chemists AMU. U Nas called the experience "pipe" or "pipe Blaise" (due to the vessel in which it is carried out;). Let us again this popisowemu number, but this time version of the pieces performed by students of chemical NKCh UAM;)

The truth that makes an impression? Experience an impressive result, but also very dangerous ... But before some of his perspective, outline, time for a brief history lesson;)

In 1853, carried out its first experience of well-known chemist Justus von Liebig. After a relatively short time, this demonstration has gained fame and Liebigowi opportunity arose to present the Bavarian royal family. But this time, the experience ended in a fiasco, well, disaster! Probably due to air pollution a small amount of NO to NO utleniła ₂ , causing an explosion. Teresa Prince Luitpold of Bavaria, and were showered with a hail of glass shards (not, however, suffered major injuries), and he Liebig had more luck than sense, because it saved his life ... snuff box, kept in the pocket of his trousers. With it, a very big piece of glass pierced not his femoral artery. Liebig was the same then deeply shocked by the whole situation, which reflects his written shortly after the incident note:

When I looked around after the explosion pomieszczaniu in which the audience sat and I saw blood flowing down the faces of Queen Theresa and Prince Luitpold, my horror was simply indescribable, I felt half-dead. Fortunately, the event had no further unpleasant consequences. Their value is preserved noble and dignified, their troubles seemed to focus almost only on my person. The Queen she sent to me every night to her personal physician, and every day she asked about my health. Even the King Louis came to me the next day asking if my injuries were serious. When I replied that no, he said out loud: 'So all right as long as nothing is you, the rest does not count ...'

Cdn.

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Davidoffski MA and White Light-Bearer

to write a post about phosphorus (and more specifically - white phosphorus) led me mates NKCh reflections about the following experiences that describe on Facebook. The experience is called the Barking Dog (in the plural, of course, dogs ;). About the same experience, however a bit later;)

Let us, therefore, a bit more carefully this variant alotropowej this element;) crystalline white phosphorus consists of tetrahedral units P ₄ . Although described as a basic form of phosphorus, it is in fact metastable. Its reactivity is associated with high stress angle in the molecule P ₄ (the angles between the bonds equal to 60 ^of ). White phosphorus is a solid waxy consistency, soft enough that it can be cut with a knife. At low temperatures it becomes brittle. It is possible distillation white phosphorus with steam. The moist air is oxidised, which owes its characteristic green luminescence (chemiluminescence). In this reaction creates a P ₄ About ₈ and small amounts of About ₃ .

White phosphorus is dissolved in benzene, PCl ₃ , PBR ₃ , ether, turpentine, fats, S ₂ Cl ₂ and particularly well in CS ₂ (880 g P ₄ / 100 g of CS ₂ ). The water is completely insoluble, so it was that kept him solvent to prevent oxidation. Flash point P ₄ is low - approximately 60 ^of C, however, contaminated can ignite even at 34 ^of C. The combustion process creates a P ₄ About ₁₀ (in case of shortage of air - P ₄ About ₆ ). Burning phosphorus is extremely dangerous - is broken and causes intense pain, deep burns, which heal very difficult. It is used for the construction of incendiary bombs that wreak havoc on large and which are unfortunately still are used to today. Example burns from P ₄ can see (at your own risk, the view is not pleasant to the eyes) at this address:

http:// www.flickr.com/photos/ismpalestine/3210017706/

oparzy When the P ₄ in the laboratory or in the course of chemical experiments, it should be skin wash 1% aqueous solution of CuSO ₄ or 10% aqueous KMnO ₄ , then rinse plenty of water. Absolutely can not apply any ointment to burns, because as I mentioned earlier, P ₄ dissolves very well in the fat, which carries a risk of poisoning with phosphorus.

white phosphorus is extremely toxic substance. The dose of 100 mg (when absorbed by inhalation) may lead to death through liver damage. Prolonged contact with the vapor P ₄ is also very harmful. In the nineteenth century, workers working in factories experienced match condition (the only seemingly innocent term phossy light , and formally phosphor jaw necrosis ), which, by deposition of phosphorus in the jaw bone, resulted in terrible pain (including teeth and gums) and the deformation of the face, and as a result of further complications and body burden-death.

White phosphorus reacts rapidly with all the halogens to give the compounds of formula PX ₃ (x = F, Cl, Br, I) and PX ₅ (X = F, Cl, Br). Concentrated nitric acid oxidizes P ₄ to H ₃ PO ₄ :

3P ₄ + 20 HNO ₃ + 8H ₂ O -> 12 H ₃ PO ₄ + 20 NO

reaction with hot, aqueous NaOH occurs as follows:

P ₄ + 3 NaOH + 3 H ₂ O -> 3 NaH ₂ PO ₂ + PH ₃

This process also formed small amounts of H ₂ and P ₂ H ₄ . Interesting are the reactions of P ₄ of LiPH ₂ . Depending on the molar ratio of reactants, obtained by a variety of complex anions phosphides, such as

23 P ₄ + 12 LiPH ₂ -> 6 Li ₂ P ₁₆ + 8 PH ₃

Figures below shows the structure of anions [P ₁₆ ] ^{2 -} and [P ₂₁ ] ^{3 -} .

.

It is also interesting, that phosphorus was jealous of his ability lżejszemu azotowi pal and also can act as a ligand in the complex compounds:) Here are a few original examples: